Results Fifty-seven patients (56.15% women) with CD were included in this study. The mean age was 41.01±13.42 years, the mean age at symptom onset was 32.93±15.45 years, and the mean dystonia duration was 8.10±8.5 years.

Keywords Dystonia 4 Torticollis 4 Botulinum toxins 4. Botulinum toxin type A 4 Decision making 4. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale. (TWSTRS), the Cervical Dystonia Impact. Practical applications of botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurol Clin 26(Suppl 1):54–65. Download free software Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale Pdf. Rating scale for dyskinesia in. Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating.

The interval between onset of symptom and first BoNT-A treatment was 5.94±9.06 years, the duration of BoNT-A treatment was 36.13±29.17 months, and the number of applications was 8.48±6.23 in 45 patients with CD who were under treatment with BoNT-A for more than 1 year and had received at least three injections before. There was no difference between the patients with primary and secondary CD in terms of treatment results. The injection interval of the patients receiving BoNT-A treatment for more than 5 years and less than 5 years was 18.37±5.10 and 14.43±2.36 weeks, respectively (p=.001). There were no differences in the other treatment values. The mean doses were 559.00±147.60 vs. 681.66±188.09 units (p=.0001), the durations of improvement were 11.82±2.71 vs.

13.00±4.00 weeks (p=.014), the response scores were 2.71±.3 vs. 3.02±.5 (p=.002), the response ratings were 64.66%±16.18 vs. 71.22%±17.29 (p=.001), and the numbers of muscles applied were 3.15±1.16 vs. 3.51±0.99 (p=.012) in the first and last applications, respectively.

Introduction Cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder, characterized by abnormal head, neck, and shoulder posture due to repetitive clonic and tonic involuntary contractions in muscles of the neck and shoulder region (,). It is the most common form of adult-onset focal dystonia. Its pathological mechanism and the exact prevalence are not known (,,,). Cervical dystonia causes rotation of the head (torticollis), tilting of the head (laterocollis), flexion of the neck (anterocollis), and extension of the neck (retrocollis). Sometimes, it can occur in combination with all of these clinical forms, and such clinical forms can be combined with elevation or anterior shifting of the shoulders (,). Install Utorrent As A Service On Windows Home Server 2011 more. Other movement disorders can coexist with this movement disorder (). Several clinical studies have suggested injections of botulinum toxin as first-line therapy in the treatment of CD ().

The aims of our study are to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics and to evaluate response to long-term botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy and co-existent movement disorders in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) who were followed up at our clinic. How To Install Oil Catch Can B18. Methods A retrospective analysis of the detailed medical records of patients with CD, followed up at our Botulinum Toxin Outpatient Clinic from December 1998 to December 2012, was performed, and their demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated. The patients who had incomplete medical records were excluded. The treatment data of the patients who were under treatment with BoNT-A for more than 1 year and who received at least three consecutive treatments were investigated. These data were compared between patients with primary CD and secondary CD, patients receiving BoNT-A treatment for more than 5 years and less than 5 years, and first applications and last applications. BoNT-A applications after dose adjustment were accepted as first treatment to increase the reliability of this study. All patients were diagnosed according to published criteria ().

They were categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, anterocollis, retrocollis, and combined form according to their clinical manifestation. All patients undertook the following: detailed medical history, including past and present medicine, birth trauma, and central or peripheral trauma; complete neurological examination; and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical portion of the spinal cord for distinguishing known causes of secondary dystonia. In this study, the patients were evaluated according to the following clinical and demographic parameters: gender, current age, age at CD onset, duration of the disease, clinical form of CD, right or left deviation, onset form of the disease (acute/chronic), medical history, presence of head tremor, pain, sensory trick and other coexistent movement disorders, consanguinity of the parents, the family history of dystonia or other movement disorders, the interval between symptom onset and first BoNT-A treatment (the latency of BoNT-A treatment), and the duration of BoNT-A treatment. The patients were treated and evaluated by the same experienced neurologist. Two preparations of BoNT-A Dysport ®, Ipsen, UK and BOTOX ®, Allergan, USA) were used. Electromyographic guidance was used for botulinum toxin injections whenever deemed necessary.